The genetic code has been reprogrammed to encode hundreds of non-canonical amino acids, yet its expansion beyond α-L-amino acids remained constrained for over two decades by an evolutionary deadlock: synthetases cannot be evolved for poor ribosomal substrates, and ribosomes cannot polymerize monomers that synthetases cannot acylate tRNAs with. This deadlock has now been broken with tRNA display, a rapid, scalable directed evolution platform that enables synthetase engineering to acylate tRNAs with diverse non-canonical monomers, independent of ribosomal translation. Join this session for an in-depth examination of this technology's capabilities. The session will trace tRNA's journey from conception to tech transfer and establish tRNA display as the innovation engine for next-generation therapeutics.