The Design–Build–Test–Learn (DBTL) cycle remains the core engine of biological engineering, yet its iteration speed still lags far behind software development. As AI systems begin to design, plan, and execute experiments, a new paradigm is emerging: DBTL as an autonomous, continuously optimizing system. Next-generation platforms combine AI-assisted rational design, high-throughput construction and perturbation, real-time data acquisition, and active learning to close the loop at unprecedented scale. Agent-powered lab-in-a-loop workflows, lab-on-a-chip systems, and advances at the silicon-to-carbon interface are enabling tighter integration between computation and biology, from semiconductor-enabled sensing to real-time feedback and decision-making. This session explores how autonomous DBTL stacks could unlock software-like iteration velocity in biology, redefine experimentation, and reshape the future of programmable discovery.