As we move toward the “virtual cell” and ultimately the “virtual organism,” the AIxBIO ecosystem faces a fundamental challenge: where does biology actually compute? While our ability to measure molecular events has advanced dramatically, predicting how those signals translate into emergent, system-level outcomes remains a core bottleneck in programmable biology. This session brings together leaders across AI, synthetic biology, and medicine to explore the computational bottleneck, mapping where predictive power breaks down from molecules to cells to organisms. It will examine how to measure emergence at scale by generating causal, time-resolved, perturbation-rich datasets across diverse biological contexts, and how to close the reality gap with in vivo feedback, using next-generation sensors and real-world data to continuously calibrate and validate models in living systems.